National Institute for Health and Care Research

Measure

Child Avoidance Measure (CAM)

Age range 8 — 12
Completion time 5 minutes
Respondent Self Report
Problem areas
Anxiety

Overview

The CAM is a unidimensional 8-item measure designed to assess a child’s tendency to avoid anxiety-provoking situations. The measure is designed to be applicable to the full spectrum of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. 

Scoring & Interpretation

Items are rated on a 4-point response scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (almost always). Total scores are a sum of all 8 items and range from 0 to 24. Scores range between 0 and 24, with higher scores indicating greater behaviour avoidance.

Psychometric Properties

Internal Consistency

Internal consistency was good ( .89 in the community sample and .88 in the clinical sample).

Test-Retest Reliability

Test-retest reliability was adequate (community sample .56).

Factor Structure

The original validation work suggested a clean-one factor structure in both a clinical and non-clinical sample of children and adolescents aged between 8 and 18 years of age and their parents living in the US.

Validity

Construct validity was supported by significant and positive correlations with pre-existing measures of anxiety symptoms, social anxiety, and disability. Concurrent validity was examined through correlations with measures of anxiety, avoidance and disability (Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale; Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised; Fear of Negative Evaluations; Child Sheehan Disability Scale; Social Avoidance and Distress)

Criterion validity was assessed through group differences between subgroups of the clinical and community samples matched on age and sex. Clinical sample scores indicated significantly more avoidance than in the community sample. Group differences on the anxiety measures suggest that the groups differed as expected on clinical variables.

Measurement Invariance

Invariance testing to examine whether the measurement model of the CAMS was consistent across age (i.e., above and below 12.5 years) found that the CAM was age invariant. 

Access

Copy of measures included in Appendices - Check with Author before use.
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