The authors challenge traditional latent variable models by arguing that symptoms can directly influence one another and collectively form self-sustaining networks. Within this framework, disorders emerge when symptoms become strongly interconnected through causal feedback loops, such as insomnia contributing to fatigue, which then worsens concentration and mood. Network analysis provides tools for identifying central symptoms, understanding symptom dynamics, and modelling pathways to disorder. Overall, the paper offers a novel conceptual framework that has reshaped contemporary thinking about the structure, development, and treatment of psychopathology.