National Institute for Health and Care Research

Interventionist Causal Models in Psychiatry: Repositioning the Mind–Body Problem

Kendler and Campbell (2009) propose an interventionist framework for understanding causality in psychiatry that moves beyond traditional debates about the relationship between mind and brain.

The authors argue that causal explanations in psychiatry should be evaluated according to whether intervening on a factor would produce meaningful changes in outcomes, rather than according to its biological or psychological status. This interventionist approach accommodates causes operating across multiple levels, including social, psychological, and biological influences, without reducing one level to another. The framework also distinguishes causal relationships from simple correlations and separates questions about causation from questions about underlying mechanisms. Overall, the paper offers a pragmatic and integrative model for understanding psychiatric disorders that supports multi-level explanations while avoiding unproductive mind–body debates.

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